Lines

The lines that run through the collection. A topic says what a record is about and there are five of them because the axis draws it; a line says what a record belongs to and is never drawn there. A record carries up to three lines, or none. 43 records carry none.

Agents 20Models that act through tools rather than only answering.
Autonomous driving 27Vehicles driving public roads with nobody at the wheel.
Compute 111What the computing runs on: processors, accelerators, data centres, their power draw and the cost of compute.
Data 122Datasets, corpora and the systems that processed them.
Defence 28Military and intelligence use.
Embodiment 61Body, grasp and manipulation: a machine acting in the physical world.
Evaluation 119Tests, contests and independent measurements of capability.
Generative media 45Generating images, sound and video.
Harm 46Documented harm to people from these systems, and the response to it.
Law and policy 95Rules, courts and state policy.
Learning theory 204Mathematical results about learning and its limits.
Money and markets 80Funding, valuation, revenue and ownership.
Openness 62Open weights, licences and shared ownership.
Safety 49Alignment, testing for harm, and the safety regimes laboratories set for themselves.
Science 51AI as an instrument of scientific discovery.
Search and reasoning 48Search, planning and reasoning as computation, from heuristics to chains of thought.
- Programming a Computer for Playing Chess1950
- Prinz's chess program1951
- Strachey's draughts program1952
- Digital computers applied to games1953
- Newell's chess machine1955
- Samuel's checkers on television1956
- Logic Theorist1956
- Dynamic Programming1957
- General Problem Solver1959
- Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers1959
- Gelernter's machine proves geometry theorems1959
- SAINT1961
- Mac Hack VI at a tournament1967
- The A* algorithm1968
- Shakey1969
- STRIPS1971
- AM1976
- Simulated annealing1983
- Hsu's chess chip: from ChipTest to Deep Blue1986
- Genetic programming1992
- TD-Gammon1992
- Chinook becomes world champion1994
- Deep Blue wins a game against Kasparov1996
- Deep Blue defeats Kasparov1997
- PageRank and web scale1998
- Watson on Jeopardy!2011
- A knowledge graph inside Google Search2012
- DQN plays Atari2013
- AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol2016
- Libratus beats poker professionals2017
- AlphaGo against Ke Jie, the last match2017
- AlphaZero2017
- Pluribus: six-player poker2019
- MuZero: planning without the rules2019
- Cicero plays Diplomacy2022
- AlphaDev2023
- AlphaGeometry2024
- Coverage grows with the number of attempts2024
- Compute at answering time against a bigger model2024
- o1 and compute at answering time2024
- The full o1 and a 200-dollar subscription2024
- o3 on ARC-AGI2024
- Search inside the chain of reasoning2025
- DeepSeek-R12025
- A thousand examples and a forced budget2025
- o3 and tools inside the reasoning2025
- AlphaEvolve2025
- Formal proof search closes nine Erdos problems2026
Speech 62Speech recognition and synthesis.
Symbolic AI 70Rules, knowledge representation and expert systems.
Tools 53The languages, libraries, formats and environments the work is done with.
Work 25Employment, working conditions and use in the workplace.